The Risk Factors Associated with Candidiasis in Women

Abstract

Candidiasis is characterized as a multifaceted pathology caused by an opportunistic fungus that encompasses mucocutaneous, disseminated and visceral infections caused by species of the genus Candida, mainly Candida albicans. Therefore, it is considered one of the most common female genital tract infections in women of reproductive age. There are factors that trigger the onset of the vast majority of cases of candidiasis, such as the use of antibiotics, high levels of estrogen, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, sexual intercourse and the use of tight clothes. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative and exploratory literature review that sought to study the risk factors associated with candidiasis in women. Results and Discussion: Sixteen studies were selected, among protocols and articles. From the analysis of the works, it can be inferred that the risk factors with the highest scores were pregnancy, use of hormonal contraceptives, diabetes mellitus, hormone replacement, immunosuppression, use of antibiotics, sexual practices, clothing and personal hygiene. In addition, it was possible to perceive the distinction of the main risk factors according to the periods of the woman's cycle. Conclusion: Vulvovaginal candidiasis arises when there are risk factors. It is possible that every woman, throughout her life, will go through at least one episode of vulvovaginal Candidiasis due to the risk factors being present in all periods of the woman's life cycle.