Epidemiological profile of zika virus cases in Brazil in the year 2018-2021

Abstract

Introduction: Due to globalization, ZIKV, a virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family and the Flavivirus genus, spread around the world and arrived in Brazil in 2015. As a result of the environmental stability and the fragility of sanitation found by the main vector of the virus, the Ae. aegypti, the virus spread across the country causing an epidemic of cases and causing serious consequences, such as microcephaly. Methodology: Epidemiological, descriptive, retrospective study with a comprehensive approach, through the analysis of Zika case studies in Brazil from 2018 to 2021. Discussions and Results: Due to greater exposure to contact with the vector as they are the economically active part, the group aged 20 to 39 years are the most affected by the disease, with a prevalence in women. Furthermore, with regard to the northeast and southeast regions, they are, in that order, the most affected by the disease. Finally, regarding the monthly distribution, the rainy months are the most prevalent, with emphasis on the month of May. Conclusion: The study identified that the group of economically active individuals, brown, female, belonging to the Northeast region were the most contaminated by the Zika virus, which allows the creation of more effective interventional measures based on the epidemiological profile of this pathology.